ICAM (Incident Cause Analysis Method) is a structured investigation approach based on James Reason's Swiss-Cheese Model. ​ It identifies what happened, why it happened, and how to prevent it by examining key workplace categories including People, Equipment, Environment, Procedures and Organisation (PEEPO). It is a recognised investigation method that includes thorough data collection techniques, data analysis methods, and produces findings and corrective actions. https://static.wixstatic.com/media/432aeb_153a6b1d7e174804ac9eaca47a2230e6~mv2.webp Fig James Reason's Swiss Cheese Model ​​​​​

An ICAM Investigation is important because it helps organisations identify the root causes of incidents, leading to improved safety measures and prevention strategies. The process encourages collaboration, movement beyond blame and effectively uncovers systemic contributors (gaps in controls, processes, supervision, or design). It ensures a thorough understanding of what went wrong and how to prevent it in the future.

The results of an ICAM Investigation can be applied across the organisation to improve safety protocols, training programs, and operational procedures. The findings help in making informed decisions to enhance workplace safety and prevent future incidents. Kaster can develop a one-page Safety Alert to support communication and implementation of actions and controls across your organisation.

An ICAM Investigation should be conducted after any significant incident or near-miss in the workplace. It is essential to perform the investigation promptly to gather accurate information and take corrective actions. Many organisations will perform an invstigation by an external party (like Kaster), after a notifable incident has occured. A notifiable incident is; ​ • the death of a person • a ‘serious injury or illness’, or • a ‘dangerous incident’ that exposes someone to a serious risk (even if no one is injured) The above incidents are legallly required to be notified to your state or territory regulator. ​ Please visit Safe Work Australia for definitions ()or for an Incident Notification Information Sheet,() or to find your regulator ()for your state or territory.

An ICAM is lead by an independent Lead ICAM trained investigator with input from subject matter experts, witnesses and other key stakeholders. The Investigation Team typically involves a multidisciplinary team, including safety professionals, supervisors, and employees who witnessed the incident. External experts may also be involved if specialised knowledge is required.

An ICAM Investigation is conducted by gathering data, interviewing witnesses, analysing the sequence of events, and identifying root causes. The process involves a multidisciplinary team and uses various tools and techniques to ensure a comprehensive analysis. An ICAM investigation moves through clear stages, each with its own tools and methods to work through. The investigation is collaborative and inclusive of all key stakeholders related to the incident. Kaster's approach is sensitive, considered and highly respectful of all participants.